Relative Location:

South-eastern European Balkan Peninsula, between the Black Sea (to the east), Turkey to south-east), Greece (south), Romania (north), Serbia and Macedonia (FYROM) to the west - a strategic location near Turkish Straits which allows for control of major land and water routes from Europe and Russia to the Middle East and Asia

Absolute location (average coordinates): 43 degrees north, 25 degrees east            

Area:
Total: 110,910 sq km
Land: 110,550 sq km
Water: 360 sq km

Total Land borders:
1,808 km

Land borders with:
Turkey: 240 km
Greece: 494 km
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: 148 km
Serbia: 318 km 
Romania: 608 km
Coastline: 354 km

Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate:
Mixed: mostly temperate in the north and Mediterranean-influenced in the south 
Four distinct seasons; cold, damp winters and hot, dry summers

Terrain:
Mostly mountains, with lowlands in north Danubian Plain and in south-east

Elevation extremes:
Lowest point: Black Sea - 0 m
Highest point: Musala Peak - 2,925 m (also the highest point on Balkan Peninsula)

Key Natural resources:
Iron ore, manganese ore, chromium, copper ore, zinc, bauxite, lead, coal, timber, arable land

Fuel reserves:
Gas and oil

Land use:
(1999 est.) Arable land: 43%
Permanent crops: 2%
Permanent pastures: 14%
Forests and woodland: 38%
Other: 3%

Irrigated land:
12,370 sq km (1993 est.)

Natural hazards:
earthquakes, landslides